Melnā jūra kļūst par pasaules bīstamāko kravas kuģošanas maršrutu
2026. gadā Melnajā jūrā uzbrukti vairāk nekā 570 kuģi, un šo uzbrukumu rezultātā gāju bojā vismaz 40 jūrnieku. Reģions tagad ir bīstamāks par Persiešo līcumu gan pēc uzbrukumu skaita, gan загиблих jūrnieku skaita. Pieaugo apdraudējuma apdrošināšanas izmaksas, kuģu īpašnieki izvairās no reisēm, un lielā Odesas portu satiksme strauji kļūst mazāka.
Galvenais
- 2026. gadā Melnajā jūrā uzbrukti vairāk nekā 570 kuģi, nogalinot vismaz 40 jūrnieku.
- No jūlija līdz septembrim Melnajā jūrā uzbrukti aptuveni 387 kuģi.
- Trešajā ceturksnī 2026. gadā reģistrēti vidēji vairāk nekā četri uzbrukumi kuģiem dienā.
- Pēc Ambrey novērtējuma, 90% uzbrukumu pret kuģošanu pēdējo 45 dienu laikā завдала Krievija.
- 23. oktobrī pie Rumānijas krasta uzbrukts kravas kuģis Khoryv: kuģis aizdegas un grimzis, viens jūrnieks gājis bojā, trīs pazuduši.
- Septembrī lielās Odesas porti apkalpoja mazāk nekā 10 kuģu, salīdzinājumā ar aptuveni 400 jūlijā.
- Apdraudējuma apdrošināšana Melnajā jūrā var maksāt līdz 15% kuģa vērtības, gandrīz divas reizes vairāk nekā Persiešajā līcumā.
Kāpēc tas ir svarīgi
Uzbrukumu apjoms padara Melno jūru par bīstamāku kravas kuģošanas maršrutu nekā Persiešo līcumu un ietekmē globālas tirdzniecības maršrutus. Lielās Odesas portu satiksmes kolapss свідчить про глибоку оперативну та економічну шкоду Ukrainas jūras tirdznieciні. Apdraudējuma apdrošināšan's cost and shipowners' reluctance are reducing commercial activity in the region. Uzbrukumi pie Rumānijas krasta tuvināja kauju NATO teritorijai un izraisīja Rumānijas prezidenta's public accusation against Russia.
Kas notika
Since the beginning of 2026, more than 570 vessels have been attacked in the Black Sea, killing at least 40 seafarers; 24 deaths have been confirmed in the Strait of Hormuz area. Around 387 vessels were attacked from July to September, and the number of attacks was more than five times higher than in the preceding quarter. In the third quarter, the Black Sea averaged more than four vessel attacks per day. Ambrey estimated that Russia carried out about 90% of attacks against shipping in the Black Sea over the preceding 45 days. On 23 October, the cargo vessel Khoryv was attacked off Romania, caught fire and sank; one seafarer was killed and three remain missing. On 22 October, another tanker was attacked off Romania, according to the Romanian authorities, with one seafarer killed and three missing. Earlier, on 15 October, two drones attacked the 37-year-old chemical tanker Wine Trader off the Romanian coast while it was awaiting cargo from Moldova. Ukraine's campaign against Russian shipping initially targeted fuel transport to occupied Crimea and later expanded to the Kerch Strait. Russia responded by intensifying attacks on vessels visiting Ukrainian ports, without reducing their intensity despite a reported decline in Ukrainian strikes. Ukrainian maritime agricultural exports fell to 1.4 million tonnes in August, about 75% of the pre-war level. Greater Odesa ports served fewer than 10 vessels in September, compared with roughly 400 in July, and the Black Sea ports now handle only around 10% of Ukraine's grain, oilseed and related-product exports. War-risk insurance can cost up to 15% of a vessel's value, nearly twice the Persian Gulf rate, leading some shipowners to avoid the Black Sea. Romania and Bulgaria asked NATO allies for stronger air protection and counter-drone capabilities, and NATO was reported to be sending additional aircraft and drones to the Black Sea.
Kā to atspoguļo Ukrainas avoti
Ukrainian sources focus on the direct impact on Ukrainian ports: Greater Odesa ports served fewer than 10 vessels in September, compared with about 400 in July, while maritime agricultural exports fell to 1.4 million tonnes in August, roughly 75% of pre-war levels. The coverage also highlights Ukraine's drone campaign against Russian shipping and the resulting escalation of Russian attacks on vessels visiting Ukrainian ports, as well as the involvement of NATO countries in the Black Sea.
Kā to atspoguļo starptautiskie avoti
International reporting emphasizes the Black Sea's ranking as the world's deadliest shipping route, surpassing the Persian Gulf by both the number of attacks and fatalities. Substantial attention is given to attacks near Romania's coast, casualty and missing-crew reports, and the political response of Romania's president. The commercial consequences are framed through war-risk insurance costs, concerns about the age and condition of vessels, and shipowners' reluctance to enter the sea.
Kur atspoguļojums atšķiras
Sources disagree over the scale of the increase in attacks from July through September compared with the preceding quarter: some describe it as more than fivefold, while others say it was over fourfold. Accounts also differ over the chemical tanker Yara J, which some place on anchor near the Sulina Canal, while another account says it was also attacked.
Konteksts
The evidence cited in the reports came from the maritime security company Ambrey and the International Maritime Organization. Ukraine's campaign against Russian shipping began with an effort to cut diesel fuel supplies to occupied Crimea and later expanded to shipping in the Kerch Strait. Ukraine and Russia together account for more than a quarter of global wheat trade.